FDR and Polio - His Legacy

On March 1st 1945, after winning an unprecedented fourth term in office, bringing the nation safely through the terrible trials of the Great Depression, and witnessing the near defeat of Fascist Germany and Japan, FDR seems to have finally tired of what the author Hugh Gallagher termed his "splendid deception." It was time for FDR to address a joint session of Congress to report on his recent meetings at Yalta with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. For this first time since he had been stricken with Polio 17 years before, FDR not only entered a public forum in his wheelchair and remained seated while addressing his fellow leaders, but also made a direct reference in his remarks to his disability. "Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of Congress," he began, "I hope you will pardon me for the unusual posture of

sitting down during the presentation of what I wish to say, but I know you will realize it makes it a lot easier for me in not having to carry about ten pounds of steel around the bottom of my legs and also because of the fact I have just completed a fourteen-thousand-mile trip. [applause]."

We will never know if FDR's sudden and frank acknowledgment of his disability would have continued in further public appearances, for within six weeks he was dead, the victim of a massive cerebral hemorrhage suffered while he was seeking a respite from the heavy burdens of office at his beloved Warm Springs. The nation was stunned. It seemed impossible that a man of such energy and determination, who had brought the United States through the two great crises of the modern age, was no longer with us.

FDR was the longest serving President in U.S. history. He was also the first paraplegic to lead a great nation. Under his tenure, the American people came to accept the idea that it was possible for a government to be compassionate, that its first responsibility must be to look after the well being of its citizens. FDR had always been a liberal, but his struggle with and eventual triumph over polio deepened his understanding of human nature and brought him into direct contact with the less fortunate in our society. Many years after his death, Eleanor Roosevelt once remarked that his illness proved "a blessing in disguise," for it gave him strength and meant that "he understood human suffering and knew that it could be overcome. He also knew that one must have spiritual and physical courage; and, if one had that, there was no situation that could not be met."